yabridge/src/wine-host/editor.h

// yabridge: a Wine VST bridge
// Copyright (C) 2020-2021 Robbert van der Helm
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

#pragma once

#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <string>

#include <windows.h>
#include <function2/function2.hpp>

// Use the native version of xcb
#pragma push_macro("_WIN32")
#undef _WIN32
#include <xcb/xcb.h>
#pragma pop_macro("_WIN32")

#include "../common/configuration.h"
#include "utils.h"

/**
 * The maximum number of Win32 messages to handle per message loop. This is
 * needed because otherwise some plugins can run into an infinite loop. I've
 * observed this with:
 *
 * - Waves plugins
 * - Melda plugins when having multiple editor windows open within a single
 *   plugin group
 */
constexpr int max_win32_messages [[maybe_unused]] = 20;

/**
 * Used to store the maximum width and height of a screen.
 */
struct Size {
    uint16_t width;
    uint16_t height;
};

/**
 * A RAII wrapper around windows created using `CreateWindow()` that will post a
 * `WM_CLOSE` message to the window's message loop so it can clean itself up
 * later. Directly calling `DestroyWindow()` might hang for a second or two, so
 * deferring this increases responsiveness. We actually defer this even further
 * by calling this function a little while after the editor has closed to
 * prevent any potential delays.
 *
 * This is essentially an alternative around `std::unique_ptr` with a non-static
 * custom deleter.
 *
 * FIXME: It seems like there's a bug in Wine's X11Drv that _sometimes_ causes
 *        the window to get deleted twice resulting in an Xlib error inside of
 *        Wine.
 */
class DeferredWindow {
   public:
    /**
     * Manage a window so that it will be asynchronously closed when this object
     * gets dropped.
     *
     * @param main_context This application's main IO context running on the GUI
     *   thread.
     * @param x11_connection The X11 connection handle we're using for this
     *   editor.
     * @param window A `HWND` obtained through a call to `CreateWindowEx`
     */
    DeferredWindow(MainContext& main_context,
                   std::shared_ptr<xcb_connection_t> x11_connection,
                   HWND window);

    /**
     * Post a `WM_CLOSE` message to the `handle`'s message queue as described
     * above.
     */
    ~DeferredWindow();

    const HWND handle;

   private:
    MainContext& main_context;
    std::shared_ptr<xcb_connection_t> x11_connection;
};

/**
 * A wrapper around the win32 windowing API to create and destroy editor
 * windows. We can embed this window into the window provided by the host, and a
 * VST plugin can then later embed itself in the window create here.
 *
 * This was originally implemented using XEmbed. Even though that sounded like
 * the right thing to do, there were a few small issues with Wine's XEmbed
 * implementation. The most important of which is that resizing GUIs sometimes
 * works fine, but often fails to expand the embedded window's client area
 * leaving part of the window inaccessible. There are also some a small number
 * of plugins (such as Serum) that have rendering issues when using XEmbed but
 * otherwise draw fine when running standalone or when just reparenting the
 * window without using XEmbed. If anyone knows how to work around these two
 * issues, please let me know and I'll switch to using XEmbed again.
 *
 * This workaround was inspired by LinVst.
 *
 * As of yabridge 3.0 XEmbed is back as an option, but it's disabled by default
 * because of the issues mentioned above.
 */
class Editor {
   public:
    /**
     * Open a window, embed it into the DAW's parent window and create a handle
     * to the new Win32 window that can be used by the hosted VST plugin.
     *
     * @param main_context The application's main IO context running on the GUI
     *   thread. We use this to defer closing the window in
     *   `DestroyWindow::~DestroyWindow()`.
     * @param config This instance's configuration, used to enable alternative
     *   editor behaviours.
     * @param parent_window_handle The X11 window handle passed by the VST host
     *   for the editor to embed itself into.
     * @param timer_proc A function to run on a timer. This is used for VST2
     *   plugins to periodically call `effEditIdle` from the message loop
     *   thread, even when the GUI is blocked.
     *
     * @see win32_window
     */
    Editor(
        MainContext& main_context,
        const Configuration& config,
        const size_t parent_window_handle,
        std::optional<fu2::unique_function<void()>> timer_proc = std::nullopt);

    /**
     * Get the Win32 window handle so it can be passed to an `effEditOpen()`
     * call. This will return the child window's handle if double editor
     * embedding is enabled.
     */
    HWND get_win32_handle() const;

    /**
     * Returns `true` if the window manager supports the EWMH active window
     * protocol through the `_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW` attribute. Some more
     * minimalistic window managers may not support this. In that case we'll
     * show a warning and fall back to a more hacky approach to grabbing input
     * focus. This involves checking whether the `_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW` atom
     * exists and whether the property is set on the root window. The result is
     * cached in `supports_ewmh_active_window_cache`.
     */
    bool supports_ewmh_active_window() const;

    /**
     * Handle X11 events sent to the window our editor is embedded in.
     */
    void handle_x11_events() const;

    /**
     * Lie to the Wine window about its coordinates on the screen for
     * reparenting without using XEmbed. See the comment at the top of the
     * implementation on why this is needed.
     */
    void fix_local_coordinates() const;

    /**
     * Steal or release keyboard focus. This is done whenever the user clicks on
     * the window since we don't have a way to detect whether the client window
     * is calling `SetFocus()`. See the comment inside of this function for more
     * details on when this is used.
     *
     * @param grab Whether to grab input focus (if `true`) or to give back input
     *   focus to `topmost_window` (if `false`).
     */
    void set_input_focus(bool grab) const;

    /**
     * Run the timer proc function passed to the constructor, if one was passed.
     *
     * @see idle_timer
     * @see idle_timer_proc
     */
    void maybe_run_timer_proc();

    /**
     * Whether to use XEmbed instead of yabridge's normal window embedded. Wine
     * with XEmbed tends to cause rendering issues, so it's disabled by default.
     */
    const bool use_xembed;

   private:
    /**
     * Returns `true` if the currently active window (as per
     * `_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW`) contains `wine_window`. If the window manager does
     * not support this hint, this will always return false.
     *
     * @see Editor::supports_ewmh_active_window
     */
    bool is_wine_window_active() const;

    /**
     * Send an XEmbed message to a window. This does not include a flush. See
     * the spec for more information:
     *
     * https://specifications.freedesktop.org/xembed-spec/xembed-spec-latest.html#lifecycle
     */
    void send_xembed_message(const xcb_window_t& window,
                             const uint32_t message,
                             const uint32_t detail,
                             const uint32_t data1,
                             const uint32_t data2) const;

    /**
     * Start the XEmbed procedure when `use_xembed` is enabled. This should be
     * rerun whenever visibility changes.
     */
    void do_xembed() const;

    std::shared_ptr<xcb_connection_t> x11_connection;

    /**
     * The Wine window's client area, or the maximum size of that window. This
     * will be set to a size that's large enough to be able to enter full screen
     * on a single display. This is more of a theoretical maximum size, as the
     * plugin will only use a portion of this window to draw to. Because we're
     * not changing the size of the Wine window and simply letting the user or
     * the host resize the X11 parent window it's been embedded in instead,
     * resizing will feel smooth and native.
     */
    const Size client_area;

    /**
     * The handle for the window created through Wine that the plugin uses to
     * embed itself in.
     */
    DeferredWindow win32_window;

    /**
     * A child window embedded inside of `win32_window`. This is only used if
     * the `editor_double_embed` option is enabled. It can be used as a
     * workaround for plugins that rely on their parent window's screen
     * coordinates instead of their own (see the 'Editor hosting modes' section
     * of the readme for more details). The plugin should then embed itself
     * within this child window.
     */
    std::optional<DeferredWindow> win32_child_window;

    /**
     * A timer we'll use to periodically run `idle_timer_proc`, if set. Thisi is
     * only needed for VST2 plugins, as they expected the host to periodically
     * send an idle event. We used to just pass through the calls from the host
     * before yabridge 3.x, but doing it ourselves here makes things m much more
     * manageable and we'd still need a timer anyways for when the GUI is
     * blocked.
     */
    Win32Timer idle_timer;

    /**
     * A function to call when the Win32 timer procs. This is used to
     * periodically call `effEditIdle()` for VST2 plugins even if the GUI is
     * being blocked.
     */
    std::optional<fu2::unique_function<void()>> idle_timer_proc;

    /**
     * The window handle of the editor window created by the DAW.
     */
    const xcb_window_t parent_window;
    /**
     * The X11 window handle of the window belonging to  `win32_window`.
     */
    const xcb_window_t wine_window;
    /**
     * The X11 window that's at the top of the window tree starting from
     * `parent_window`, i.e. a direct child of the root window. In most cases
     * this is going to be the same as `parent_window`, but some DAWs (such as
     * REAPER) embed `parent_window` into another window. We have to listen for
     * configuration changes on this topmost window to know when the window is
     * being dragged around.
     */
    const xcb_window_t topmost_window;

    /**
     * The atom corresponding to `_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW`.
     */
    xcb_atom_t active_window_property;
    /**
     * Whether the root window supports the `_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW` hint. We'll
     * check this once and then cache the results in
     * `supports_ewmh_active_window()`.
     */
    mutable std::optional<bool> supports_ewmh_active_window_cache;

    /**
     * The atom corresponding to `_XEMBED`.
     */
    xcb_atom_t xcb_xembed_message;
};